#Shutterbug photography utah pdf#

Shen Kua later corrected his explanation of the image. According to Hammond, there is no further reference to the camera obscura in Chinese texts until the ninth century AD, when Tuan Chheng Shih refers to an image in a pagoda. Mo Ti was aware that objects reflect light in all directions, and that rays from the top of an object, when passing through a hole, will produce the lower part of an image (Hammond 1981:1). Micius) was the first – to our knowledge – to record the formation of an inverted image with a pinhole or screen. Chinese writers had discovered by experiments that light travels in straight lines. The basic optical principles of the pinhole are commented on in Chinese texts from the fifth century BC. In this drawing, originally taken from a book published by Arthur Willey in 1900, the eye is the oval opening to the upper right. One animal in nature which uses a pinhole for seeing – the mollusk Nautilus.Įach eye has an accommodating aperture – the aperture can enlarge or Pinhole optics, by the way, are not only used in photography. ImagesĪre exposed on film or paper – negative or positive black and white, or Wide angle imagesĮxposures are long, ranging from half a second to several hours. The images have nearly infinite depth of field. Pinhole images are softer – less sharp – than pictures made with a Some of the images could not have been produced with a lens.

Making the best of the camera’s potential great images can be produced. Photography the pinhole camera is just an imaging device with itsĪdvantages and limitations, special characteristics and potentials. Making images withĬameras you have made yourself is a great pleasure, too.

Pinhole cameras are used for fun, for art and for science.ĭesigning and building the cameras are great fun. Basically a pinhole camera is aīox, with a tiny hole at one end and film or photographic paper at the Station wagons have been used as pinholeĬameras – and rooms in large buildings. Mask, constructed from beautiful hardwoods, built of metal with bellowsĪnd a range of multiple pinholes. Cameras have been cast in plaster like a face Cameras have been made of sea shells, many have been made of oatmealīoxes, coke cans or cookie containers, at least one has been made of aĭiscarded refrigerator. Pinhole cameras are small or large, improvised or designed with greatĬare. Light passes through the hole an image is formed in the camera. Pinhole photography is lensless photography. The article is now being translated into Polish: Has also been translated into Portuguese: The history section has been translated into Spanish:

#Shutterbug photography utah pdf#

The Russian version may also be downloaded in pdf format. [An earlier version of this article was available at in the USA 1996–2016.Īn abridged Russian version: Камера-обскура.